Press Statement Essay

An approach to aspects of a child abuse investigation in a modern society using police and community cooperation (A reference to the media)   Ã‚   As traditional communities erode and our societies become more diverse, feelings of insecurity grow, fear of crime increases and questions of identity and citizenship come in question A threat on the safety of our children has culminated to an investigation into the cause and the socio-political aspects of the problem. Our law officers and the stakeholders of the social welfare are investigating and researching on various socio perspectives and trends that are described as possible factors leading to the problem. It’s not commonplace in this society to have incidents of child abuse and as such we are working towards stemming down any possible link and also address the problem collectively through arresting those perpetrating such crimes.   Ã‚   Out of every ten children in our community one of them has reported abuse or aggressive behaviour. 17% of the children report that their attackers were burly or sickly looking. 25% of the children are now afraid of venturing into the neighbourhood. The rate of these abuses has rose up with up to 11% which is a considerable rate.    We have checked on any psychopathic connections to the few cases that have been reported. We are also evaluating theories and investigating curtails that have suspect characters that are substance abusers and their possible involvement. We are comprehensively analyzing socio-economic factors as well as ideological issues which could be eliciting the problem. We believe some people might have ideologies which force them to think and argue that children rights and safety are not important. These ideologies result to hate against children. We also view childless individuals who have developed frustration and stress levels might be involved due to obsession with the idea of harassing other people’s children due to this frustration.      We are establishing stereotyping, class and other social factors which have negative impacts on children social groups. Apart from these theories we understand victimisation based on family and social feuds might victimise children. We are working on looking into any possibilities of parents, select social classes, estate neighbourhoods and school based feuds as being the cause of the problem. Some disgruntled parents or neighbours might be trying to settle scores, seek payment of a debt, drug money and illicit business dealings and other bad dealings gone sour might be causes. We are establishing all these theories so that we can close in on the perpetrators so that not a single aspect of the problem will result to unjust prosecutions or any victimisations.   Ã‚   As members of the society we understand that there are various socio-political aspects of crime pattern and jurisdiction that we have to flow and collectively approach when dealing with suspects. We assure the members of the society that we will not victimise or arrest any suspect without credible evidence on his involvement or connection. We understand and respect all human rights and abide by principles of justice. No suspect will be charged until investigations establish credible evidence of involvement. This will be done according to the law and we will emphasise on justice being administered in accordance to all penal codes as stipulated and comprehensively understood in the judicial system. We attribute rise in crime and related social anomalies to changes in economic structure are altering the pattern of regional inequalities (UNICEF 2006).    On the other hand we blame radical political changes on the faà §ade of some expression values, especially in the fourth estate. Too much exposure of various aspects of the judicial system acts to people with criminal intent has increased affableness to crime due to the knowledge and criticism on aspects of legislation and police action on the issues as well as the legal loopholes. We are encouraging more concise and distinctive media education and publishing in judicial and social values content so that we can have a responsible and safe society. We are sure that political dividing lines of class and religion are eroding and cannot sustain values and ethics of safe and respectable humanity.   Ã‚   The perception of increasing violent crime, often drug related, has gone along with a rise in anti-social behaviour: petty criminality such as vandalism on housing estates, or extreme rudeness, disrespect and lack of consideration for others. (Liddle & Lerais 2006). We expect that all acts against children will come to book in accordance to the United Nations act that protects children against anti-socio behaviour on children (UN 2007). We are optimistic we will arrest and put behind bars those involved and successfully contain the problem. Sources (Liddle & Lerais 2006) Europe’s social reality: pp 5 UNICEF United Nations (www.undp.com )

Alcohol Consumption Should Be Banned. Agree or Disagree Essay

Alcohol consumption should be banned. Argue for or against the statement. Alcohol is one of the most widely used and abused drugs in the world. It is a legal drug that can be found just about anywhere, restaurants, liquor stores and even in some supermarkets. It is a drug that is used by many, some just to relax, others to party with the intention of getting drunk and those that are addicted and who abuse the drug like no other. Alcohol causes several problems and injures the lives of many, it is the fifth most dangerous drug in the world being higher than LSD and ecstasy, yet it is a drug that society allows to be used everyday. Alcohol is a drug, which is classified as a depressant. This means that after being consumed it slows down the body’s vital functions, if taken in too much, it may result in slurred speech, problems with perception and unsteady coordination. It is known as a downer, which means that it actually puts the mind in quite a depressed state. It affects the mind, in the case of reducing a person’s ability to think rationally and it impairs judgment. (http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/alcohol.html). Alcohol is a legal drug, meaning that, it is allowed to be consumed freely with a few laws that prohibit people from driving and consuming it under a certain age. Yet it is a drug that has been proven to cause the most harm to users and others around them. It is not listed as a class A, B or C drug, yet it is listed as the fifth most harmful drug, being higher on the list than LSD, ecstasy and cannabis. Yet all these three drugs are seen as class A or B drugs, making them highl y illegal. (http://www.listology.com/list/top-twenty-most-dangerous-drugs-according-bbc-horizon). Recent studies have shown that the consumption of alcohol is worse to its users and to the people around the users than any other drug. It has shown that when all factors are taken into consideration, alcohol comes out at the top as the most costly drug towards society and it causes the biggest harm. In a study done by Professor David Nutt, he created a bar graph showing the most harmful drugs to users and the society. When conducting his study he took into account all the harms that the drug creates, including mental and physical damage, addiction, crime and costs to the economy and communities. His study showed that alcohol was even worse than heroin when  all factors were taken into consideration. Professor Nutt’s study has showed that the drug classification system, currently in place, have little relevance to the actual harm that is caused by the drug. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11660210). Many studies have now been taken into consideration and a ‘deeper’ look has been taken in to establish exactly how and which drugs cause the most harm. With all these studies, alcohol has been seen as a very high-risk drug. With all these studies there has been the debate in many countries across the globe as to whether alcohol consumption should be banned completely. It has been shown that alcohol is one of the leading causes in death amongst young adults, aged between 15 to 25 years of age, in the cases of accidents, homicides and suicides. Statistics in the USA in 2005, show that 6.6 of the population who are 12 or older, so around 16 million people, are heavy drinkers. In the same study it was shown that out of the 3.9 million people who received treatment for substance abuse, 2.9 million of them were receiving treatment for alcohol abuse. A later study in the USA in 2007 showed that 12998 people had died in car accidents due to alcohol. In the USA alone there are around 1.4 million drunken arrests every year. Studies from England in 2005 showed that there were 6570 deaths caused by alcohol and a later study in 2006 showed that the death toll, from alcohol, had risen to 8758, this shows a gradual increase of 7% each year in alcohol related deaths. Worldwide it was shown that in Europe, out of the 490 million people, 23 million of them were dependent on alcohol. In 2005 out of all traffic deaths 39% of them were alcohol related and 40% of violent crimes occur under the influence of alcohol. (http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/alcohol/international-statistics.html). Statistics show that alcohol appears to be a very negative drug. Taken on a worldwide scale alcohol causes more deaths than any illegal drug. But this is not to say that all alcohol consumption is bad. Statistics have shown that wine, in moderation, is actually healthy for a person. Red wine has been proven to actually help the heart and lessen the risk of heart disease. Studies shown have indicated that red wine contains antioxidants, which actually help prevent heart disease by increasing levels of ‘good’ cholesterol and protecting the heart against artery damage. Although this has been seen, doctors still do not encourage people to start drinking as all alcohol can, in the long term effect, cause problems towards health. Red View as multi-pages

WSJ Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WSJ Article Review - Essay Example nd ambition (Fairclough, 2009)† in China represents purchasing power and the fittest customer profile that comprises Ford’s strategy in the country. â€Å"Mei,† as the marketing executives coined this group, means beautiful in Chinese. According to the article, Mei is comprised of the â€Å"twenty-something, college-educated single women (Fairclough).† Furthermore, Mei â€Å"earns 880 to $1,500 a month and wants her first car (Fairclough).† The point of view of the target market â€Å"Mei† is showcased by the individual answers of the members of the target market when asked about their lifestyle. â€Å"Mei’s† stance on living and her view of herself is coined by these answers from the members of the target market. This article is very important to marketing management as it highlights the marketing practices of organizations. By showing certain organizations take the theory and put into real life situations, results can be evaluated afterward in order to strengthen the theories that the company has used. Targeting is shown in the article as the company chooses â€Å"Mei† and coins her into a certain group comprising the same demographics and psychographics which are likely to purchase the product. The logic of choosing the target market first, then probing their lifestyle and knowing them well through consumer research such as Ford’s immersion event is shown in relation to the crafting of appropriate marketing communications plan in order to build a position in the target market’s mind. The article incorporates contemporary trends of marketing that links between consumer behavior through research, marketing strategy, branding and integrated marketing communication in fulfillment of a corporate objective for the company. The logic of the article can be traced back to looking for the right target market, where Ford has chosen â€Å"Mei.† Then, by doing innovative consumer research such as the immersion event apart from the pluralistic researches that

SAM 344 UNIT 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SAM 344 UNIT 7 - Essay Example This makes it easier for fans to check information about the tickets prices that they can afford and pay for in advance, thus enhancing match attendance. The club has devised various marketing and pricing strategies for match tickets available as discussed below: The club offers an only one form of service; entertaining service in terms of live soccer match, which fans attend with an aim for enjoyment, as well as, entertainment. Since it is a service, prices of the tickets do fluctuate in prices with regard to rating of the opponent club as well as the significance of the match. Moreover, since soccer is an entertaining event, the overall prices of the tickets vary significantly during soccer seasons. This follows that many people love the sporting events, thus, potential attendance is normally high (Pitts & David, 2007). Therefore, the fans of the club do sacrifice in order to attend some of the matches in spite of some prevailing circumstances such as financial constraints and weather extremities. The club also offers service to members as well as non-members. Membership subscription is provided through payment of the subscription fee. The subscription is open to any person so long as the person has an interest in the club. The interest is shown through the provision of required fan support. There is variation in the manner of treatment of members and non-members. For instance, non – members are accorded some form of special treatment unlike non-members. This comes in terms of ticket charges as well as accessibility to some information about the club. Chelsea football club offers the sales of the match ticket online. Therefore, interested customers and soccer fans purchase football match tickets by accessing the club’s website. Online sale of a match ticket is advantageous in several means. First, any person wishing to attend the club’s soccer

William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily - Essay Example In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the narrator has highlighted some of the extremes of isolation and seclusion which are the true reflections of Emily’s physical behavior and mental attitude towards herself, the relatives and the society in general. The character Emily is emerged as a true personified character which covered the main theme of the story under the umbrella of isolation. This feeling of being isolated led Emily to react in a certain way which kept everybody out of the enlarged circle drawn on the basis of isolation. Thesis Statement â€Å"Emily’s life is a reflection of isolation that can be experienced from her acts, behaviors and attitudes.† In the story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the narrator presented several times the withdrawal of the character Emily. Emily withdrew herself from her close relatives even from her father, her lover, the community and townspeople around her. Every now and then the proofs of her seclusion from different peop le around her are found in the story. The script witnessed that Emily lived a substantial period of her life with his father only. After her father’s departure, his lover entered into her life, entered into her house but never came out. The townspeople looked the corpse of her lover, Homer, after the death of Emily. There were no signs of Emily getting married to any man and involving herself towards creation of a family which also reflects as how badly she wanted to be stay away from the people. No women of the town had ever seen her house till†¦ Her isolation with man and woman of the town can be observed in the beginning of the story where narrator describes the event of Emily’s funeral. The narrator states that â€Å"The women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--a combined gardener and cook--had seen in at least ten years.† This shows that how unaware were the women of that town that even at this sad occasion, every women was looking at her house more than sharing grief of the death of Emily. To all the women, the personality of Emily was hidden and none of those women ever had any relationship wtih Emily. The other thing that can be observed from the narrator’s statement is that there was only a single servant, elder in age, had the duties of gardening and cooking. This shows that not even a single woman ever entered into her house and maintained any sort of relationship with Emily. People of the town observed her presence very rarely even after†¦ The story also depicts her isolated behavior of living in the town. For instance, at one point in the story, the narrator describes her persistent isolated behavior even after the death of her father and after the departure of her lover. Her father kept her away from the men till the end of his life. In this way, she remained isolated from men and it can be said that her young age was spoilt by her father. There is al so an evidence of her isolation when her lover disappeared from her life, which can be characterized as another incident of her isolation. The narrator states these lines in the story showing her isolation as â€Å"After her father's death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all.† These lines tell her isolation in many ways like isolation due to death of her father, isolation due to departure of her lover, and isolation due to lack of her interest towards the town as anyone hardly observed her presence in the town even after the disappearance of those people. Emily had no interest towards†¦ The reason behind her isolation was the way her father brought her up to stay away from the people especially from men. Even when was she was in her thirties, she was still single. The

The Science of Muddling Through , Decision Making Essay - 1

The Science of Muddling Through , Decision Making - Essay Example Root methodology in decision making involves administrators who are mandated to define objectives from the aspects which are viewed as most important to the least important. In rational decision making approach, the desired outcomes are prioritized by the administrator so that the most desirable alternatives of reaching the outcomes are implemented. In root decision making it is the role of the administrator to decide on what is considered to be the best alternative or approach of solving a problem (Stillman 224). Incrementalism or branch decision making on the other hand has a specific objective which is subject to amendment depending on the situation at hand. In branch decision making methodology, the administrator makes use of a wide range of alternatives which would possibly help in providing a solution but he or she does not astray from procedures which have been proved through experience or history as most appropriate (Sutcliffe and Gerry 485). Root decision making approach is advantageous because it focuses on the desired results or outcomes which a specific alternative in decision making would attain (Stillman 220). However, this approach to decision making has been criticized because it consumes a lot of time. Moreover, the possibility of failure is high because the administrator may choose the least appropriate alternative of reaching a solution. This is because of the limited number of alternatives in root methodology of decision making as compared to incrementalism. Moreover, root decision making has a disadvantage of making an assumptions that there are value in the approach which both sides agree on even though these approaches would have failed before. Moreover the root decision making approach does not allow for amendment of the objectives so that the most appropriate approach of solving a problem would be used (Sutcliffe and Gerry 490). Branch decision making

Leadrship, Process and Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadrship, Process and Organisations - Essay Example Women in the world of business are lagging behind in leading organizations because of some hidden barriers. Small and medium enterprises only have a ratio of 15% women leaders. In the current society women are trying to make up for their position and increasingly setting up these SMES. However it is seen that men still are dominant in the field of business. This is not the case with small businesses only but this can also be witnessed in the corporate sector where women are lagging behind. In order to find out the reasons behind such a difference several researches have been conducted. A research carried out by Centre for High Performance Development (CHPD) clearly shows that women are dominant than men when it comes to the qualities of leadership. The research showed that women were effectively able to think, develop and achieve which are the required attributes of a leader. This clearly showed that women proved to be a better leader than men when it came to taking decisions and org anizing the team. The chief executive of CHPD put this difference in these words â€Å"If you ask the right question, namely what is it you need to do to be effective in a very fast-moving, complex and competitive environment, and you get good ways of measuring that, you find that women are more capable than men† (Thomas, 2005). ... A research by the firm Catalyst in 2001 showed that women do not get opportunities to express themselves as do men in real life. Men at several instances can make up for their promotion by having the right contacts while women engross themselves within their field of job to get a promotion. Similarly self confidence also counts for the less participation of women leaders in the organization. It has been found that the morale of men is higher as compared to their counterparts (Smyth 1989, p. 102). An organization named Renew conducted a research on this to find out that 18% of the girls considered themselves to be leaders whereas 48% of the boys considered themselves to be leaders. This gives a general image of the girls who grow up to be a part of a minority in the business world (Thomas, 2005). Many researchers have been struggling to define and explain the leadership traits, theories, challenges and related affairs. The importance that has been given to this area of research is the importance of leadership on employees, performance and overall success of the organizations. There have been a lot of facts and myths associated with the concept of leadership. Technological changes also require certain new traits in the people dealing with them. The technology-intensive businesses may be taken as an example where leadership requires higher flexibility, technical knowledge, adapting skills to change, higher commitment and collaborative approach to work. Grace Hopper worked as a leader in U.S Naval Reserve and is known for her devotion and contribution in the development of programming languages. Her skills and knowledge about technical programming and innovative ideas like foreseeing artificial

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT 2002 IN MY OWN OPINION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT 2002 IN MY OWN OPINION - Essay Example The solution that was implemented is known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). The Sarbanes-Oxley is a piece of legislation that changed the business world forever. The Act was created in order to raise investor confidence in the marketplace. One of the major problems the markets were facing was that greedy corporate officials were taken advantage of their position in order to make themselves rich at the expense of the shareholders and other stakeholders of the company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act fixed the problem by making the CEO and top officials liable in cases of fraud. The section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act mandates that senior management certify the accuracy of the financial reports (Answers, 2010). If there is fraud present in the financial statement of a company the top executive of the firm faces fines of up to $25 million and prison terms of up to 20 years. Another problem that existed prior to the creation of SOX was the possibility of collusion between the external auditors and the executive managerial staff. In the Enron case the auditors knew about the fraud, but decided to stay quiet due to economic interest. SOX changed the rules of the game with the creation of the independent auditor report. An auditing firm of a public corporation cannot have any other accounting contracts with the firm they are auditing. SOX also helped prevent fraud because it implemented new internal control protocols that help prevent fraudulent activity. Section 404 of SOX requires that each annual report of a public company contain an internal control report. The internal control reports have to include the following two things: a) A statement of management’s responsibility for the establishment of an adequate internal control structure for financial reporting; b) assessment of the effectiveness of the internal control structure at the conclusion of the latest fiscal year (Sec,

Sampling and Measurement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sampling and Measurement - Research Paper Example Data analysis and measurement was done properly and the right inferences made. The only weakness to this study was the sample size, which was not a credible representation of the population and could bias the report. The article â€Å"A National Study of Efficiency for Dialysis Centers† used the right sample sources by getting dialysis reports by freestanding facilities submitted to the HCFA (Health Care Financing Administration) and the IRFCRD file (Ozgen & A Ozcan, 2002). The Area Resources File also provided credible information with regard to characteristics of the population. The study sample was also sufficient having been a good representation in terms of percentage at ninety four percent of the population. On the part of measurement, there was a possible point of weakness in the number of procedures undertaken to assess the sample which could amount to duplicated effort from one stage to another. There was also the issue of homogeneity in the types of dialysis modalities by incorporating them into a common output category. This would raise the level of inaccuracy or deviation. The weakness in the first study could be addressed through increasing the sample size adequately to represent the population (Krejcie & Morgan, 2000). In the second study, there should be limited number of methods to assess the sample and derive conclusions to avoid duplication of effort and the various types and sources of dialysis should be handled separately to give a clear outcome for each. Ozgen, H. & A Ozcan, Y. (2002). A national study of efficiency for dialysis centers: an examination of market competition and facility characteristics for production of multiple dialysis outputs. Health Services Research, 37 (3), pp.

The real estate market in Hong Kong and suggested public policies Essay

The real estate market in Hong Kong and suggested public policies - Essay Example Hence, it is certainly inevitable that a subsidized public housing program will bear significant effects on households, the economy, and society (Feng 2010, p. 3). The account of subsidized housing policy in Hong Kong has witnessed multiple twists and turns over the decades with divergent outcomes. Frequently, the changes brought unanticipated consequences with some leading to disastrous consequences. Some of the core problems detail that property tenure and occupancy rights in Hong Kong remain erratic in which there are four critical categories of housing tenure; private sector owner occupiers, private sector renters, subsidized public tenants, and subsidized public sector owner occupiers (Lam 2000, p.397). The Hong Kong economy is credited for its legendary resilience since, despite several momentous setbacks such as Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), incidents of financial and banking rises, and significant oil crises, the Hong Kong economy has remained fairly stab le with no registered negative economic growth (Lam 2000, p.398). However, the financial crises of the 1997 and 2008 had a negative impact on housing and led to a substantial industry’s downturn. ... In April 1954, the government established a semi-independent body, Hong Kong Housing Authority, to render long-term improvements in the living environment, especially for the low income families. The initial low cost housing was constructed in 1958, in North Point and featured independent facilities (Yung 2008, p.6). This marked the earliest form of Resettlement Building with a total of 11,000 units of public rental housing built from 1958-1968 by the society. 1970-1985 In Oct 1972, the government announced an ambitious housing program to avail decent living accommodation to close to 1.8 million citizens in one decade. Starting from 1978, Housing Authority launched several schemes including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) Private Participation Scheme (PSPS), plus other loan schemes. From 1973 to 1982, close to 220,000 flats were constructed (encompassing HOS and PSPS), which housed close to 1 million people (Keung 1985, p.24). 1985-2000 In 1987, the launch of Long Term Housing Strategy p ursued in aid all the families to acquire suitable and affordable housing. The emphasis in this case changed from the provision of public rental units to sponsorship of homeownership among citizens as part of long-term solutions of housing problem. The strategy speeded up the expansion of HOS and PSPS and facilitated enhanced utilization of a private developer’s resources, besides the introduction of Home Purchase Loan Scheme (Yung 2008, p.7). In the Ten-year Housing Plan, (1997-2006), the housing authority oversaw the construction of more than 85,000 flats per year with public housing flats accounting for 50,000 flats. From 1997, families living in public rental

Being Bilingual Essay Example for Free

Being Bilingual Essay The world has become a small village. People from different countries communicate with each other daily. Therefore, the need for bilingualism has become urgent for several reasons such as migration, having parents who speak a different language or studying in an international school. In fact, speaking two languages can help us get better job opportunities and open up our mind. Firstly, being bilingual can help you have a good job easily. Nowadays, it is one of the highest priorities that you speak more than one language. For example, most of the international banks request their employees to be bilingual. Also, it is improves our life and offer us good job opportunities. All in all, one who speaks two languages gets many benefits in his life. Secondly, speaking two languages can open up our minds to new experiences and new cultures. For example, we can enjoy free time by reading books that have been written in different languages and watching documentaries and programs about different cultures. Moreover, when we travel, we get to understand people and their jokes, comments and conversation, which makes our stay in a foreign country more enjoyable and memorable. All the above reasons for knowing a new culture, it is traditions and history, enables us to communicate effectively with people from different places. In conclusion, it is Necessary to be bilingual to lead a more comfortable and meaningful life. Many lucky people do not choose to be bilingual because they are born in a family that speaks different languages. Their bilingual environment opens many doors for them. It is also enable them to be more successful.

Strategies to Develop Employee Satisfaction in Healthcare

Strategies to Develop Employee Satisfaction in Healthcare Motivation and Discipline That Brings Employee Satisfaction in Healthcare Crystal Mullen ASSIGNMENT: Read the following scenarios and answer the questions in paragraph format. The answer for each scenario should be 2 pages in length. Your final submission should be 4-5 pages in length. Scenario 1: With the continued focus on managed care, your employees are worried that focusing on cost cutting will reduce the quality of patient care. As a health services administrator, you are worried about the continued dissatisfaction. Develop three strategies that would motivate and increase employee satisfaction. Keeping staff motivated is a very important part of management in any industry. Furthermore, the high stress nature of managed care means implementing policies and procedures regarding work place motivation and support which then generates employee satisfaction are very important to retain qualified healthcare professionals (Cardenas, 2014). Keeping your healthcare staff engaged and motivated can be particularly if the healthcare facility is short-staffed or often includes temporary personnel or floating nurses. However, even in a work place environment that looks for any means to cut costs, there are still ways to motivate staff and can help improve performance and morale (Leviticus, 2014). If I were a health services administrator, one measure any I would implement is to simply take advantage of my staff’s strengths. This would help my staff feel more confident and accomplished, which could then increase my entire team’s efficiency. When team members are assigned to jobs that match their strengths, they are then able to complete their tasks in a shorter period of time. Because they are finishing their required tasks sooner, they will then providing staff with more time to complete additional assignments. For example, if I were to assign a confused or disoriented patients to a health care professional who thrives on these types of patients, I would be able to increase the patient willingness to cooperate with the health care professional and lessen the need for multiple staff members to be involved in inconsequential issues (Leviticus, 2014). Furthermore, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would make it a point to ask for their feedback about health care issues on a regular basis. I would like to encourage dialog about their daily challenges with things like work schedules, patient care, hospital environment, or any other stressful managed care issues they are facing. I would create a variety of options for them to express their thoughts and ideas in a positive, proactive way, while discouraging unproductive griping, whining and complaining. I would look for their feedback on their most frequent challenges in the manage care facility that they deal with by holding meetings implementing suggestion boxes and even with monthly or quarterly surveys. I would make sure to keep my requests for staff feedback that would generate positive solutions, not just negative feelings, gossip or opinions (Cardenas, 2014). Also, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would provide them with opportunities to demonstrate as well as experience leadership in their profession on a consistent basis. I would also schedule team members with leadership tendencies for tasks like leading department staff meetings, research information on current medical issues or even mentor someone using their own experiences. Finally, but not exhaustively, I would assign my health care team members to conduct small group sessions for peer-to-peer learning about such issues as nursing procedures, hospital policies, and patient care trends and responsibilities. Therefore, by creating leadership opportunities, my team can then generate their own problem-solving abilities. (Cardenas, 2014). Finally, though certainly not exhaustively, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would implement policies that would reward my team for the excellence they bring to the managed care facility. I believe rewarding achievements in my staff helps them staff stay motivated and actively involved. I would acknowledge their excellence in our weekly staff meetings, congratulate them via email or post of their achievement via social media. Also, I would recommend my team members for professional or hospital awards or perhaps even offer them a new title upgrade as a way of showing my team that how much I appreciate their hard work. Finally, though certainly not exhaustively I would considered allocating them a prime parking spot for the team member in the managed care facility who exceeds expectations each on a monthly basis or give gift cards when my team exceeds a particular goal(Leviticus, 2014). Therefore, I believe if I were to implement these measure, my team would be encouraged to continue to excel at their post in the managed care facility and be satisfied in their job because they’ll know their work matters and is appreciated. Scenario 2: Pretend that you are a new nurse manager, you have opted to select the positive discipline approach to managing employee behaviors. List the steps in the positive discipline approach and explain how you would apply it to the nurses that you supervise. The positive discipline approach is one that presents the role of a discipline as one that tries to regulate the negative behavior of employees to make them better workers. It is an approach to discipline that uses corrective action in order to generate more productivity, improved performance and a more effective workforce. Although harsh, negative punishment is effective for producing short term results, this approach will prove futile because negative discipline often generates employee frustration, higher absenteeism rates, low workplace productivity and high turnover. Positive discipline however, tries to correct the negative employee behavior by first counseling the employees of what is expected from them, then giving an oral warning, and followed by a written warning. Only after those steps are measures such as termination or discharge considered. Here are the step to positive discipline. Counseling is the first necessary step of the positive discipline process. This step would give me the opportunity to isolate the nurse’s behavior problems so that I can offer him or her possible solutions. When I’m counseling a nurse, my goal is to make employee him or her aware of the facility’s policies, procedures and rules. Often, the nurses want to be a productive member of the facility and simply need a better understand of the rules. Then during the counseling I can have a better understanding of the nurse’s point of view so that we can both agree on the best way to adhere to the facility’s rule. Therefore, I believe the counseling step can easily solve many of the problems that arise in a nurse’s behavior. The second step in positive discipline would be an oral warning. This step can also be given during counseling however, it tends to be a bit more confrontational. This is when I would become even more of a boss than a friend and remind my nurse of the behavior that requires correction. If however the nurse’s behavior has not been improved by counseling or oral warning, I would then implement the third step of positive discipline which is a written warning. This step requires documentation that correction was given but the behavior is unchanged. The written warning is where the nurse and I would write out a plan to correct the problem so that it would not arise going forward. If the nurse fails to receive positive discipline through counseling, oral warning, or written warning, I would then implement the fourth step in the positive discipline approach which is a final warning. When I implement a final warning, I would hold a conference that would emphasizes to the nurse just how important it is that he or she correct his or her inappropriate actions. This is not a step I would wish to implement because I would have to insist that he or she take a non-paid day off. I would suggest to my nurse that he or she use this day to decide if his or her actions are worth correcting in order to remain with the facility. While I would not enjoy implementing this step, I can see how it can be quite effective in demonstrating to my nurse the seriousness of the problem that is created by his or her inappropriate behavior and that it can no longer be tolerating at this facility. Finally, if the nurse will not submit to counseling, respond to an oral warning, or a written warning and seem unchanged by a final warning, then and only then would I implement the fifth and final step in positive discipline and that is to discharge the nurse from his or her duties. As difficult as it may be to discharge an employee it is necessary if I want to maintain the positive nature of the facility as a whole. What I really appreciate about positive discipline is that it promotes problem solving rather punishment. Positive discipline integrates positive confrontation with the nurse with the problem behavior and thus provides him or her with the opportunity to be justified. I would then inform him or her of the company policies and procedures. Therefore, I believe positive discipline provides the most opportunities for long term employee satisfaction because employees will understand the correction process without feeling coerced or belittled (Industrial Relations Naukrihub.com, 2014). References Cardenas, H. (2014). Strategies to Motivate Staff Nurses. Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Chron.com: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategies-motivate-staff-nurses-15427.html Industrial Relations Naukrihub.com. (2014). Positive Discipline Approach. Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Industrial Relations Naukrihub.com: http://industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/positive-discipline-approach.html Leviticus, J. (2014). Effective Strategies That Bolster Nursing Teams. Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Chron.com: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/tools-techniques-use-team-effective-24079.html

Project Management and Operations Management in Construction

Project Management and Operations Management in Construction 1. Abstract This report aims to understand two very important disciplines namely, project management and operations management. Both disciplines are fundamental to achieving long term business success and growth in this highly dynamic business environment. These two areas of management are discussed particularly with respect to the construction industry. It is important to note that project management has its origins in the construction industry and has since then been an integral part of the construction as well as several other industries. Operations management, on the other hand, has largely been neglected for many years. However, over the past few years, management across various firms has realised the importance of effectively managing the operations to achieve business profits and growth. The main objective of this report is to present a discussion on the differences between project management and operations management in construction companies. To present these differences, it is important to clearly understand the basic definition and function of these two disciplines. As a result, this report is structured as follows: It begins by providing an overview of the construction industry moving towards providing a clear understanding of the concepts of project management and operations management. Later, the discussion shifts towards presenting an insight into the importance of these two areas of management particularly with reference to the construction industry. The next section provides a discussion on the differences between project and operations management. This report concludes by presenting a discussion on the necessary skills for a project manager and highlights that it is important for project managers to possess a clear understanding of the operational activities of the firms in order to make sound business decisions. Only those organisations that are able to effectively manage their projects as well as their operations will be able to survive and prosper in the future. Keywords: Project management, Operations management, Construction. 2. Introduction In order to achieve business success, organisations need to perform a number of activities. These activities could either be their operations or projects or a combination of both. It is not possible for organisations to achieve long term sustainable business success without proper measures to effectively manage its projects and operations. Hill (in Slack et al, 2010) clearly indicates the importance of operations to an organisation by pointing out that operation is the function responsible for 60-70 per cent of costs, assets and people. Similarly, almost all the businesses across various industries undertake projects of some sort. One of the key challenges faced by organisations in todays complex business environment is their capability to strike a balance in maintaining current business operations known as business as usual and also to maintain the rate of business change required to survive and compete in future (OGC, 2009). In this context of business change, projects play a criti cal role as they are required to introduce the changes required. Project management is gradually becoming an important discipline in the area of business success as Projects often provide the base for sustainable development implementation. It is important for projects to be well planned and well managed and have specific goals and targets. Although, operations management and project management are different in a number of aspects that are discussed over the next few section, there are a few characteristics that are similar for both projects and operations. Operations and projects both need careful planning, execution and control and are both performed by the human resources of the organisation. Also, they both often face the challenge of limited resources. 2.1. Construction Industry Construction Industry is one of the important contributors to the economy of many countries. The rapidly changing business environment has transformed the way activities and projects are undertaken in the construction industry. Due to the sheer volume of resources required to undertake large construction projects, the construction industry possesses the ability to generate employment and supports economic growth in the region by contributing largely to the Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, it is important to understand that the construction industry operates in a different environment and is susceptible to several factors such as physical environment, legislations, resource availability as opposed to other industries. The Construction sector has a strong impact on the day to day activities of several lives and hence it is crucial to ensure efficient use of resources on the construction projects. Construction projects and operations require a diff erent set of skills in order to manage them effectively. For example: It is important to ensure the safety of team members involved in construction operations and projects as they usually need to deal with many hazardous operations. However, such safety concerns are not so significant in companies operating in the software industry. These challenges and newer ways of performing business activities have placed greater responsibility on the project as well as operations managers who are required to achieve business success within limited budgets and time. This implies that success in construction industry can be achieved by implementation of adequate project management and operations management teams. Before we delve deeper into the discussion related to the differences that exist between project management and operations management in construction companies, it is important to clarify the basic definitions of project management and operations management and their importance in construction companies. 2.2. What is Project management? Projects involve certain degrees of uncertainty as they are unique to the organisation undertaking it. In order to achieve success and desired results, it is important for the project management team to effectively manage the day to day activities involved in a project. Projects consist of a number of separate but interdependent tasks that have the specific objective of creating and developing some new entity (Woodward, 1997). In this aspect project management plays a crucial role. Project management has been in existence for several years and has become an integral area of management over the last three decades. Project Management Institute defines the discipline of project management as the art of planning and controlling various human and non-human resources to be used during the entire project life cycle in order to accomplish already set objectives of scope, cost, quality, and time by using modern management techniques (Barrie and Paulson, 1984). In simple terms, project managem ent can be defined as the process of planning, executing, controlling and monitoring the various aspects of a project in order to achieve the project objectives and deliverables within limited time, costs and resources. Figure 1 shows the various processes of project management in construction industry used to achieve the project objectives and deliverables within limited time, cost and resources. Figure 1 Project management Processes 1. PROJECT DEFINITION 2. TEAM ESTABLISHMENT 3. PROJECT PLANNING (Scope, Importance, Project plan in terms of time frames and resources) Continuous Project monitoring 4. IMPLEMENTATION 5. EVALUATION 6. PROJECT CLOSURE AND HANDOVER Halpin and Ronald (Hendrickson and Au, 1989) point out the three basic ingredients that represent a project management framework. They are: General Management: This is a broad subject that various aspects such as finance and accounting, strategic planning, organisational structure, marketing, organisational behaviour among others. Special Knowledge domains Supporting disciplines For successful management of projects, strong working knowledge of these areas is needed. All these three areas play a key role in effective management as they are linked with the activities involved in undertaking a project. 2.3. What is Operations management? The main objective of any business or organisation is produce high quality goods or services that meet their customers requirements in order to survive and prosper in the future. In order to achieve long term business growth, it is important for organisations to operationally enact the organisations business strategy. In this context, to achieve long term strategic direction, organisations operations play a key role as it is important to effectively manage a large number of daily operations that are aimed at accomplishing the desired objectives to satisfy the customers. In order to achieve this business objective, it is necessary for firms to transform their resources into desired outputs that can be delivered to the end users. Operations consist of all these activities that are necessary to transform and deliver an organisations offering of goods or services to its customers. The main objective of the operations function is to efficiently manage the available resources to produce th e goods and services required by customers. Several large and small organisations have today acknowledged the importance of operations and hence have appointed people to take responsibility for managing all or part of the organisations operations processes. Success of operations within an organisation can be judged on the basis of its profits, growth and competitiveness. Operations activities form an integral part of any business as they focus on the management of a large number of assets, and expenditure to produce customer centric goods and services. Review of literature reveals that operations management within the construction industry is not a well recognized area of study as opposed to other major functional disciplines of marketing, human resource management and finance and accounting. However, the discussion that follows clearly establishes that operations management is every bit as important for Kentz, and other firms operating in construction sector in order to be successf ul. For the purpose of this discussion, it is important to establish the definition of operations management at this point. Operations management refers to the function that focuses on designing, managing and improving the systems and procedures that create organisations goods or services. It focuses on delivering value to the customers (Shtub, 1999). Other functions such as finance and human resources support operations functions and hence are indirectly involved in making products or delivering services. Firms that are able to effectively manage their operations can achieve sustainable competitive advantage. This is evident from the case of Toyota. Toyotas Production System (TPS) plays a vital role in its business success. Toyotas Production System is based on four integral principles namely, the elimination of waste (muda), continuous improvement (kaizen), automation with a human face (jidoka) and the involvement of all employees. The management at Toyota has worked towards imple menting these key principles in day to day business operations and this is evident in their practices such just-in-time, total quality management and team-working. TPS has enabled Toyota to achieve high volumes and high flexibility but with low levels of inventory and minimal defects. The application of these principles to its design operations also typically enables Toyota to get new products to market faster than its rivals, and with fewer design glitches (Slack et al, 2010). 3. Importance of Project management in construction The discipline of Project management initially originated in the construction industry but can be applied across various industrial and commercial sectors. Project management in construction plays a critical role in the construction industry as it is important for companies operating in the construction sector such as Kentz to manage projects on time within limited budgets and to manage risk across a number of projects that are large in terms of budget, time and resources. There is a need for construction companies such as Kentz to maintain a tight control on these constrained resources and finances to ensure profitability. Construction projects are usually characterised by long and complex life cycle and lower profit margins. Consequently, it is imperative for construction companies to maintain strict control over project schedules and costs to avoid any over-budgeting or wastage. Woodward (1997) notes that the project environment related to a particular project greatly affects the project management function. In this context, it is observed that the project environment related to construction project is affected by a number of internal as well as external factors such as availability of resources, legislative environment, physical conditions such as location, weather and the presence of competition. As a result, project management in construction is even more crucial due to the need to achieve high quality standards within limited resources. In construction industry, project management specifically consists of a range of objectives which may be achieved by undertaking a number of operational activities that need to be accomplished within the specified resource constraints. It is important for firms such as Kentz to resolve any conflict that may arise due to the differences in the desired objectives of scope, cost, time and quality, to the limited constraints of budget and human resources, by finding and developing alternate ways to accomplish the goals of the project. Hendrickson and Au, (1989) point out the following functions of project management for construction: Project management in construction is important as it helps in clearly specifying the project objectives and plans to outline the various aspects involved in the projects such as project scope, project budget, project timelines, setting quality standards, and selecting project participants. Project management also helps in procurement of labour and other resources as per the predetermined plan and schedule. Hence, it is important for maximization of efficient resource utilization. Project management activities help in smooth implementation of various operations as its main focus is to ensure proper coordination and control of planning, estimating, and construction in the entire process. Since construction projects are large and complex and often require use of large number of human resources, they may often face the challenge of interpersonal conflicts that may arise due to improper communication. Project management helps in development of effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts among various active participants. 4. Importance of Operations management in construction The Construction industry is characterised by complex and large projects that usually involve substantial costs while leaving little room for profit margins. In this context, efficient operations management is important because it helps in managing an organisations costs. It is important for construction companies such as Kentz to manage their available resources and budget in the best possible manner to generate greater profit margins. If an organisation fails to manage and maximise the utilisation of its resources, it will not be able to achieve sustainable project success. Operations management in the construction industry helps the project team to achieve higher level of efficiency at low operating costs. Moreover, it is necessary that once the projects are completed, they are able to meet the desired quality standards. This is even more crucial in a construction project as any negligence can create dangerous situations in terms of safety. Operations management helps the firms op erating in the construction sector such as Kentz to ensure that they are able to achieve lower operating costs while also delivering high quality products to their customers. As discussed earlier, operations management has a long lasting impact on the quality, timeliness and reliability of the goods produced by an organization. The activities of the operations function are central to achieving these aims. 5. Project management Vs Operations management The above discussion clearly indicates the importance of effective project management and operations management in construction industry. It is established that both these disciplines are important to achieve long term sustainable growth and success. Although, they are an integral part of every business, and practitioners are of the view that project management is considered to be one of the most important functions of an operations manager, there are a few differences between project and operations management. They are as highlighted below: 5. a. Project versus Operations -Differing objectives: One of the major differences between project management and operations management lies in their differing objectives. The key aim of project management is to ensure smooth control and effective planning in order to achieve the desired objectives of the project on completion. On the contrary, operations management aims to manage and execute the daily operations that are necessary to sustain the business. Project management activities are usually designed around the project environment which is unique to a particular project. This implies that since a project is temporary and aimed at achieving some unique objectives to create a new entity, scope of project management is limited to that particular project. On the contrary, operations management is aimed at planning and executing the activities that are necessary for maintaining the current business operations. In terms of construction industry, activities that require procuring goods to undertake large and complex construction project and also that require selling the firms business to its potential clients are its operations. While, project management in construction industry ideally, would deal with the necessary planning of resources, budgeting, estimating of timelines and scheduling. Project management is temporary and is unique to a particular project that is undertaken to create a new entity, while, operations are ongoing and repetitive and deal with maintaining the existing business activities. Management of projects in a construction industry is a challenging task as the project environment is highly complex and the objective of project management is not limited only to the completion of project within specified time and budget. Client satisfaction and meeting the desired quality standards are crucial for project success in construction. 5. b. Time Constraints Another major difference between projects and operations is that projects are characterised by a definite beginning and ending while  operations  are repetitive and ongoing. Projects usually end when the objectives of the projects are achieved. This implies that the project duration is finite as opposed to the operations activities that are continuous. However, this does not necessarily mean that they are short lived. For instance, a large construction company is contracted to complete construction of a large commercial complex for setting up offices. In this scenario, in order to complete the construction project of commercial complex, a business owner who hires the construction company to construct the complex, will usually specify a definite date of start and completion of the building. From the point of view of the construction company, this unique construction opportunity is a  project that has certain time constraints. However, procuring of the building mat erials and other necessary equipments that are not unique to this particular construction project are known as the operations. These activities are repetitive and do not have a fixed time constraint. 5. c. Budget Constraints Project management deals with completion of certain projects within the specified budget constraints, while operations management concerns those activities that are necessary to maintain a specific profit margin. For instance, taking the case of the construction company that has been awarded the contract to complete construction of a large commercial complex by a business owner. In this scenario, the business owner who hires the construction firm will allot a specific cost for the project as detailed in its Request for Proposals. On the other hand, it is the responsibility of the operations management at the construction company to, ensure that a predetermined profit margin is achieved on the project and work while outlining its cost structure. 5. d. Project management is future oriented while Operations management is  present oriented Project management activities focus on achieving the future state of business. This implies that they are future oriented. On the contrary, operations management activities focus on maintaining the current state of business and bring the desired business changes, suggesting that the discipline of operations management is highly present oriented. In the construction industry, the aim of project management is to accomplish the completion of the project undertaken while delivering all the necessary expectations. All these activities of planning and coordination are aimed towards achieving a future state. While the daily operations are required to sustain smooth functioning of the current business activities. 6. Project managers should possess operations management skills The above discussion clearly highlights the differences between project management and operations management in a construction industry. However, management across various organisations is of the view that operations management and project management are necessary skills for project managers across all industries. It is important that project managers in a construction environment are able to adequately consider the quality and safety concerns. In a construction environment, any minor defect can manifest itself into a major issue as re-construction may be required leading to larger associated costs and delays in meeting the project timelines. Further, such defects can also often become the cause of several personal injuries or fatalities. Therefore, it is important to appoint skilled and efficient project managers who have the necessary experience to ensure that the job is done right the first time avoiding any major or minor accidents that may occur during the completion of the project objectives. General consensus with respect to success of project management and operations management in construction industry is that it is important that managers are able to motivate the team to collectively work towards business success and accomplishment of business objectives as well as project objectives. It is necessary for management to ensure that individuals part of the projects and operations coordinate and cooperate to form efficient and effective teams that are specialised in a specific knowledge area. It is important for project managers to have sound project and operations knowledge, skills and experience in handling several different teams. It is necessary that the organisations in the construction industry such as Kentz not only possess the necessary experience in the specialized knowledge area but also in the operations of their own as well their customers business. For instance, the management team at a construction may be well-versed constructing and customising the construction units as per the client requirements and yet it may lack the experience in the procuring the resources that are necessary to undertake customer transactions. This indicates the need for project managers to possess the required operations management skills. In order to achieve business success, it is important to ensure that the projects not only meet customer expectation but are also well aligned with the companys ideal profit margins. This can only be achieved if project managers have sufficient knowledge of the operations while creating project budgets. Also, in order to efficiently schedule and plan the budget and resources, it is importa nt for project managers to be well-versed in the supply chain and efficient management of logistics. 7. Conclusion It is established that project management and operations management, are two different fields of management. Project management in construction plays a critical role in the construction industry as it is important for Kentz as well as other companies operating in the construction sector to manage projects on time within limited budgets and to manage risk across a number of projects that are large in terms of budget, time and resources. It is important for Kentz, and other firms operating in the construction sector to manage their available resources and budget in the best possible manner to generate greater profit margins. If Kentz or other organization operating in the construction fails to manage and maximise the utilisation of its resources, it will not be able to achieve sustainable project success. Project management and Operations management are differing in nature in terms of their scope, time and budget constraint. Also, Project management activities focus on achieve the futu re state of business implying that they are future oriented. On the contrary, Operations management activities focus on maintaining the current state of business and bring the desired business changes. However, management across various organisations is of the view that operations management and project management are necessary skills for project managers across all industries. It is safe to conclude that in this dynamic business environment, only those organisations will survive and prosper that not only possess the necessary experience in the specialized knowledge area to accomplish project objectives but also in the operations of their own as well their customers business. There is a need in Kentz as well as other companies operating in the construction sector to appoint project managers that have sound project and operations knowledge, skills and experience in handling several different teams.

Hackers :: Technology Hacking Essays

Hackers We are people who live among a society where obeying the laws is apart of our culture. Of course there will be people trying to break the rules and disrupt society for whatever reason. Crime is always a possibility just like in an online community or anywhere on the Internet in general. These criminals are known as Hackers because of their capabilities to steal or damage information on the Internet that can be very valuable like bank accounts or even top-secret government files. Capabilities like these must come from in-depth knowledge of the computer and Internet. Which leads to the myth that anyone with computer intelligence or being a "computer nerd," is a hacker. In the movie entitled Hackers, this stereotype is greatly promoted. Throughout the film, it seemed like almost every single person who used a computer was some sort of hacker. There were so many hackers portrayed, you even had good hackers, bad hackers, and really weird hackers. Yet out of all the people I've known in my life that know a lot about computers have never hacked anything before. The majority were youths which leads to another myth about hackers, they are considered outsiders and live troubled lives which causes them to "screw with society." The reality is most hacking is a lot like in this movie, purely to mess around in a way. Since being in a virtual world that has no physical contact, there is no immediate punishment and no cops there to chase you down with a baton. In the film it also seemed like some sort of "cat and mouse," game between the hackers and feds, but in reality being hunted down by the FBI and sent to prison is not a light matter. It is also true that being hacker must have a sufficient amount of computer knowledge but even a "Software God," like Bill Gates is not a hacker. So just because someone practically built a computer or knows everything about the Internet doesn't mean they are stealing off of it also. That's like saying an auto-mechanic is going to commit Grand Theft Auto since that person knows a car like the back of their hand. In contrast, the same computer knowledge that is used to get around the Internet can also be used to protect it. Being fearful of hackers on the Internet is like being fearful of thieves in the real world.

Wire Pirates :: essays research papers

Wire Pirates Someday the Internet may become an information superhighway, but right now it is more like a 19th-century railroad that passes through the badlands of the Old West. As waves of new settlers flock to cyberspace in search for free information or commercial opportunity, they make easy marks for sharpers who play a keyboard as deftly as Billy the Kid ever drew a six-gun. It is difficult even for those who ply it every day to appreciate how much the Internet depends on collegial trust and mutual forbearance. The 30,000 interconnected computer networks and 2.5 million or more attached computers that make up the system swap gigabytes of information based on nothing more than a digital handshake with a stranger. Electronic impersonators can commit slander or solicit criminal acts in someone else's name; they can even masquerade as a trusted colleague to convince someone to reveal sensitive personal or business information. "It's like the Wild West", says Donn B. Parker of SRI: "No laws, rapid growth and enterprise - it's shoot first or be killed." To understand how the Internet, on which so many base their hopes for education, profit and international competitiveness, came to this pass, it can be instructive to look at the security record of other parts of the international communications infrastructure. The first, biggest error that designers seem to repeat is adoption of the "security through obscurity" strategy. Time and again, attempts to keep a system safe by keeping its vulnerabilities secret have failed. Consider, for example, the running war between AT&T and the phone phreaks. When hostilities began in the 1960s, phreaks could manipulate with relative ease the long-distance network in order to make unpaid telephone calls by playing certain tones into the receiver. One phreak, John Draper, was known as "Captain Crunch" for his discovery that a modified cereal-box whistle could make the 2,600-hertz tone required to unlock a trunk line. The next generation of security were the telephone credit cards. When the cards were first introduced, credit card consisted of a sequence of digits (usually area code, number and billing office code) followed by a "check digit" that depended on the other digits. Operators could easily perform the math to determine whether a particular credit-card number was valid. But also phreaks could easily figure out how to generate the proper check digit for any given telephone number. So in 1982 AT&T finally put in place a more robust method. The corporation assigned each card four check digits (the "PIN", or personal identification number) that could not be easily be computed from the other 10. A nationwide on- line database made the numbers available to operators so that they could

Battle of Ap Bac :: essays research papers

Battle of Ap Bac final draft   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early times of the Vietnam War there were two main sides, the Viet Cong who were rebels and opposed the South Vietnamese government, and the ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam) which was on the side of the South Vietnamese government. This was one the very first times these two opposing forces had met in battle. On January 2, 1963 the battle of Ap Bac proved to be much more than a normal battle. Many things happened there that were unclear and not resolved. There were many different stories of what happened those days at Ap Bac. This paper will portray what I believed happened at Ap Bac given the evidence at hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two accounts that I read had many holes and missing parts that I found to be not credible. Account two clearly states that ARVN had forces of over three thousand troops mostly from the Seventh Infantry Division, and the Viet Cong with only two hundred forty soldiers with the help of fifty guerrillas. Later on in account two it says that after the battle the ARVN lost sixty one troops with a hundred or more injured, and the Viet Cong only an estimated twelve. Right off the start this seems completely unrealistic. And here is why the ARVN had nearly ten to one odds with exceptionally superior fire power consisting of helicopters, artillery, and armed vehicles and only manage to kill twelve enemy soldiers. Also what I have learned from the past is that the government often does not give an exact number of people that died suggesting that the numbers came from another source which I found to be not credible. In account two it says â€Å"ARVN losses were heavy (si xty-one killed and about one hundred wounded.† The numbers in account two appear to be much too exact. Account two is very much statistical and everything is based on or around statistics which to me looks unbelievable. The second account is seen as a major loss and the ARVN were unable to overrun the out numbered Viet Cong. It seems to me to be a story that was built up very high and had lots of power like a tale of a heroic infantry, and then shot down and demolished into nothing but talk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the contrary account one seems to be much more realistic and truthful.

Organic Food vs Genetically Modified Food Essay

AWARENESS of organic products has come a long way over the past 12 years, according to Billy Bond, owner of Organic Larder. The Malop St grocery store, which sells high-quality certified organic and bio-dynamic produce, was opened in 2000. Business is booming. Mr Bond said he opened the business when organic products were â€Å"a bit of an unknown† in Geelong but his store was thriving as consumers switched to sustainable living. â€Å"Now there is a lot more education and media coverage about being sustainable and doing something for the environment,† he said. â€Å"People are much more conscious of their environmental footprint. † Mr Bond said the focus on organic food was particularly important, because it related directly to consumers’ health. â€Å"A lot of young mums decide to pay specific attention to the food intake of their kids these days because they are starting to realise that environmentally-sustainable choices are usually healthy choices,† he said. Another reason for choosing organic food was knowing exactly what you’re eating. â€Å"Supermarkets these days have very loose labelling guidelines,† he said. â€Å"If all the ingredients in a product come from overseas but it’s just put together in Australia they are allowed to say it’s made here, but that’s very deceiving. † A large focus of Mr Bond’s business is placed on supporting local producers and growers, with an emphasis on quality and nutritional value. â€Å"We want people to know what they’re getting when they come here so they can make sustainable choices,† he said. He believes the increasing popularity of organic and sustainable items will lead to supermarkets being held accountable for their products. â€Å"People are starting to ask questions and they want to know more about the products they are using. Hopefully this will lead to labelling laws being changed and big supermarkets selling more organic products,† he said. More classrooms, labs focusing on research, instruction Section: Money, Pg. 02b The organic food industry, which has more than quadrupled its sales in the USA in the last decade, is getting more attention in university classrooms and research labs. The U. S. Department of Agriculture has put an unprecedented $117 million into organic research in the last three years. Advocates are pushing for a bigger share in a new five-year farm bill Congress expects to pass this year. The amount of research on organics still is dwarfed by the more than $10 billion annually spent on public and private agricultural research in the USA. A new report by the Organic Farming Research Foundation says the number of states that have devoted land for organic research nearly doubled from 2003 to 2011 to 37. Universities offering academic programs in organic farming jumped from zero to nine, says the OFRF, which supports organic farmers and processors. The group says the universities of Florida, Tennessee and Minnesota, and Washington State, Michigan State and Colorado State universities are doing the best among 72 schools it judged on eight measures of organic farming research and instruction. â€Å"The organic industry is just the fastest-growing sector in agriculture right now,† says David Butler, an assistant professor of organic, sustainable and alternative crop production at the University of Tennessee. â€Å"There are a lot of small producers interested in organic crops, just to capture the greater dollar for their crops and make a living on a smaller piece of land. † About 14,600 farmers are certified under USDA organic regulations for agreeing not to use synthetic fertilizer or genetic engineering, among other requirements. The USDA hopes to increase that number by 20% over five years. Recruiting more organic farmers is also part of the USDA’s efforts to replace an aging farmer population with at least 100,000 new farmers overall. The Organic Trade Association says sales of organic products rose from $7. 4 billion in 2001 to $31. 4 billion in 2011 and increased from about 1. 4% to 4% of total U. S. food sales. The rise in demand comes from health and environmental concerns and what Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan calls â€Å"this growing desire of people wanting to know how their food was produced, and who produced it. † Maureen Wilmot, executive director of the Organic Farming Research Foundation, which has awarded about $2. 75 million in small research grants in the last decade, says public universities are not meeting research needs for rising organic demand. Merrigan says the organic industry’s growth has led to innovations for non-organic producers. â€Å"Organic farmers in many ways have been research pioneers,† she says.

Real Friend

A realistic accomplice is star who backs by his booster amplifier in the hour of his need person abandon his relay transmitter at a time when he needs him the most, he heap non be called a real booster dose if devil persons simply know distributively separate, and they chthonicstructure call chums. The real test of friendly relationship is, therefore, not mere acquaintance still the will to render timely c ar to a friend in distress. It is therefore truly di to find a confessedly friend in this world. Of course, there gather in a bun in the oven been a few examples of true acquaintance in this entitle Krishna and Susana were class-fellows. They had studied to a lower place kindred Guru.When they grew up, Lord Krishna became a king, besides became a pauper. Once Sudama went to Lord Krishna to try his help, Krishna welcomed his old friend with open arms. He sent out his men to a palatial house for Sudama and gave liberal fiscal assistance to his ft to overcom e their poverty. Lord Krishna thus proved to be a real friend of Sudama. An early(a) neoclassical example is that of the abiding fellowship mingled with Marx and Engels. Karl Marx was a great philosopher but truly poor, where friend Engels was a rich mill- give birther. The friendship between them was so1 that they wrote books together.Engels always helped his friend Marx money. at once true and faithful friends argon actually rare. All that glitters is gold. We should always distinguish between ripe(p) and bad friends. We should remember that only a person who is sincere and estimable prove to be a good friend. A good friend is a source of happiness he not only our joys but also our sorrows. A rich assimilator can help his poor friend with money. If the poor friend is brilliant in studies, he can help his rich friend by helping him in his studied other words, each person should help the other with whatever one Friendship is a two-way traffic.It grows on mutual cartel an d help. I am very favored that I have a real friend. He is Mr. Mohan Lai. He best friend. We have been studying together in the same school for teeny He die hards come up my house. We spend most of our time together. My friend belongs to a rich family. His father is the autobus and mother is also employed. She is a teacher in a Public School. They live bungalow. Though his parents are well off, they are not proud of their wealth. They are very God-fearing persons. They treat me as their own son. They love me very much.My friend is a brilliant student. He always stands source in the class. We study together. He helps me in studying subjects in which I am weak so that I whitethorn catch up with him. I am not jealous of him. Rather, I am grateful to him for helping me in my studies. Unfortunately, my friend was not very good in sports. But I am a very good player of cricket. I have, therefore, been coaching him in the feeble of cricket. He has learnt a lot about this game. By co nstant and regular practice under my guidance he has become a first class player of cricket.His health has also improved a lot. He is grateful to me for grooming him in the game of cricket. My friend is the monitor of our class. He is very popular among our classmates. He is liked by his teachers. He has cordial relations with one and all. He helps the poor in every possible way. He coaches them in his throw in time. He lends his books to them. If a poor student is unable to pay his fee, Mohan Lai comes to his rescue by paying his fee. Once my friend win a cash prize of Rs. two hundred for writing the best essay on a given topic he donated the entire amount of Rs. 00 to the Poor Students line of our school. He is well-known for his compassion for the poor. My friend hates evil but not the evil-doer. He avoids bad company but does not hate those who have fallen object to it. He feels that is better to reform them. Our friendship has stood the test of time. We have always helped each other all these years. We have neer allowed any misunderstanding to come our way. We stand by each other through and through thick and thin. We are proud that we are real friends and will remain so throughout our lives.

Forensic Science Module Essay

Forensic science has existed for a lengthy time and many today many of the processes continue to be used.Mitochondrial DNA is stranded DNA that can be inherited from one’s mother logical and is found outside of the cell nucleus. 3. CODIS is a free software program that contains the DNA profiles of convicted offenders, missing persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources. CODIS works by attempting to match the samples of stranded DNA based on the thirteen different regions or loci within the nuclear DNA.It is very important to same make sure your research has mistakes logical and no plagiarism as they could be utilized to punish you.Limitations to this process include the fact that it requires a first large sample of DNA and samples that around carry dirt or mold usually will not hard work good with this type of test.1. I believe stranded DNA has had and continues to have such an impact on forensic science because a DNA sample can self help figure out who was involved i n a serious crime and even who was the person who committed the crime. 2.

Your study will have a flow.I would choose nuclear stranded DNA to work with because it is more whole complex which means it is less likely for any two other people to have the same pattern while inner mitochondrial DNA has less variability from second one to another. 4. If I had to analyze DNA large samples I would choose the polymerase chain reaction to analyze the DNA. PCR creates strands of DNA from small large samples of DNA at crime scenes.An ability to great show significant knowledge in a field will be deemed necessary.In new addition to learning on their experience, youll be challenged to think differently and learn skills to grow into a self-directed individual learner as you continue to come up with apply your anatomy knowledge and finally earn a difference to patients lives.

Youll develop the capacity present legal argument logical and to research legal cases, think about the procedure logical and create an comprehension of the major software programs deeds that are most frequently used.Cloud-based investigations are normally international, keyword with information being stored in a great deal before new beginning to talk about the technical issues of locations a crafty few of which might not be accessible.As a writer, you moral ought to be cautious to not select a whole subject that is too broad, so specificity is a must.The stated scientific research subjects might be used among folks to develop further research papers.

In the light of the above mentioned, lets consider some intriguing further research paper suggestions and topics for check your research paper.Some questions ought to be day running through your head by now.At the conclusion of the training course, students will be in a position to spell out how commonly used analytical techniques work logical and pick the very best approaches to conduct the critical evaluation of a choice of sample specimens.Students will have to submit acid composition assignments.

An overview of Qantas Group Business Practices Essay

administrator heavysetThis advertise is instruction to test the activities of the Qantas throng and chief(prenominal) run a as ranges that Qantas has to feel. with and d unrivalled analysing the factors that whitethorn feign the make of the corporation, dissimilar derivatives that Qantas assort foot office to cook the jeopardys atomic emergence 18 discussed and the gains and dis usefulnesss of these derivatives argon given. As a listed family, Qantas base foc customs on providing relief valve path serve slightly(prenominal) in ho tell on servant and macrocosm-wide securities manufactures. During cursory operations, stimulus impairment pret stamp out, remote de presentize adventure of infection and judgment of convictionworn expenditure jeopardy be the of import en tabulators that the community has to use opposite derivatives to rule. establish on analysis, it is suggested that these attempts could be weasel-worded by emplo y elections and forrard sires some(prenominal)ly and ad hoc reasons ar gived to dramatic play up the feasibility of these derivatives. done remitrow, it is believed that the views of Qantas facing straightway could be dampen controlled in the forthcoming. 1.1 application comment Qantas haloways special is Australias hail superstar skyway, which connects Australia to 81 destinations in 40 variant countries cosmopolitan and ope range gigantic municipal ope localise in twain Australia and naked Zealand (Qantas Airways exceptional 2011). Its master(prenominal) line of work is the transfer of trainingence of passengers utilize ii completing air passages, Qantas and Jetstar, run world-wide, house servant and regional run (Qantas Airways express 2011).In addition to airway brands, the Qantas mathematical group ope pass judgment a list of think activities to pass its portfolio of byplayes and redactments, much(prenominal)(prenomin al)(prenominal) as Qantas general greenback and Qantas clog Enterp countermands. With the change magnitude disceptation in the airway industry, Qantas sort turn up continues to argue its st appraisegic, m peer slight(prenominal)tary and practicable pretends, compliance the honorable(a)s of luckholders, adduce clean technology that elevate the guest produce word and tin to a commodiouser extent prophylactic renovation (Qantas Airways throttle 2011). match to the 2011 twelvemonthly report, Qantas had come acrossed several(prenominal) material endure events and born(p) disasters during the family. Hence, Qantas instanter tries to control the latent jeopardys and recoup the airfreight securities industry shoes through amelio adorn its go move assentments with twain home(prenominal) and intertheme airfreight unclutterwork. 1.2 master(prenominal)(prenominal) ventures As a listed national air duct play along which occupies near 65% Aust ralian interior(prenominal) commercialiseplace cope and 18% worldwide mart sh be (Qantas freshen 2012), Qantas organizations respective(a) chances during its insouciant operations, gener tout ensembley including insert legal injury endangerments, everyplaceseas supercede happen and blood line up equipment casualty endangerment. The in falsify value lay on the line refers to the explosive in the worths of stimulations which whitethorn strike a beau mondes m acetary case ( harpist 2010). As an skyway beau monde, Qantas hard depends on the common burn to second its usual vocation operation.For instance, it incurred 3,684 and 4,329 gazillion dollar marks of fire be in 2011 and 2012, one by one (Qantas Airways exceptional 2012), which leads the order to be importantly subtle to the hurt mutants in the tarry provokes. As a rise in the burn down expense power for the most part change magnitude the cost of flight function part a spurn in scuttle unlesst legal injury would besides be in contrast, it whitethorn yet stoop the ticket outlays and gross sales book of account in its business. In new(prenominal) words, it exposes Qantas to the in posture bell risk to a congress elevated direct. The alien alter risk is the fiscal risk of an painting to surprising mass determineing localises surrounded by currencies, which whitethorn guard both a affirmatory or ostracise intrusion to a alliances fiscal rank and surgical process (Harper 2010). too the domestic destinations, Qantas in any case serves external flights and has highly- ramp uped codesh atomic take 18 intercourseships and marijuana cig bette table dish up agreements with some(prenominal) a(prenominal) a(prenominal) inappropriate airline companies wholly(a) oer the world (Ports and descents 2012). It indicates that Qantas has to face the fiscal risk in the unforeseen coin flip-flop scores amongst Australian do llar and discordant irrelevant currencies in terms of sales, cost, expenses and investments.As a listed conjunction on the ASX, Qantas too confronts the shoot equipment casualty risk, as the changes and sports in its entrepot cost may signifi brush offtly tint the entitys fiscal function and sh atomic number 18holders wealth. chiefly the transmit expenditure is tranced by both the macroeconomic trends and the corporation- particularized factors. For instance, the globular miserliness break may wedge the fiscal military incline in all industries including airlines, which would chair in the ancestry in all pack outlays in the communication channel trade era some gild-specific factors provided influence the real companys shop equipment casualty, such as the stand factors suffered by Qantas which stupor its service and financial carrying into action may specifi cry (out)y impact the stoke expense of Qantas. As explained by Harper (2010), many c ompanies develop st tempogies to evade risks by adopting reliable derivatives. Qantas lose subscribe to comely derivatives such as incomings and fillings to assistance in diminish the risks mentioned above to a credible level. defer in vest cost risk by utilise creams dip through fillingscould subdue the risk from potence coming(prenominal) market minutes (Hull 2011).Because of the great assign of kelvin elicit consuming, the impairment changes in inputs ( evoke) are of authoritative importance to Qantas (Investopedia 2012). Qantas prorogues a authorizest the worth subjoin of flow fire ( crying(a) petroleum and thousand lamp ve crushable oil) to take place the strength risk. Qantas held the hedge utilize choices, which is traded on the Australian securities stand in, of prospective melodic line raise purchases by rocky oil colour and blue putting green kerosine derivative stipulations in 2012 (Qantas Airways mode tread 2012). Qa ntas uses natural selections on crude oil and jet kerosene to hedge image to terminate hurt moves. harmonize to Qantas policy, up to 80% of the estimated arouse usage out to 12 months and up to 40% in the posterior 12 months could be hedged. all some separate hedgerow extracurricular the parameters must(prenominal) be clear by the Qantas Board. 58% (2012) and 53% (2011) of the estimated provide film slight than one year soak up been hedged. Also, 6% (2012) and 9% (2011) of the estimated go off picture shows much than than one year but less than leash days dumb arrange been hedged. The net gain from in store(predicate) airmanship displace pays less than one year is electronegative $11 zillion (2012) and $cxxx trillion (2011) (See vermiform process 2.1.1)(Qantas Airways express mail 2012). Advantages and disadvantages The advantage associated with the hedgerow system is that it downs the authority difference fuel monetary value movement risks. Qantas airway, which provides airline service to customers, has no particular skills in predicting changes, fuel value for voice (Hull 2011). hedgerow the risks associated with these potential change magnitude variables could be beneficial. Qantas could place more centre on the main business activities by avoiding ill-natured risks through hedgerow (Hull 2011). However, in that location are several limitations at bottom the hedging system. starting line, combative pressures indoors the airline industry could import in the fluctuation of costs of tender materials. As a result, companies without hedging strategy butt capture constant hit margins, and companies which dedicate adoptive hedging strategies to rivet potential risks may stimulate displace service margins (Hull 2011).Second, Bakshi and Kapadia (2003) argued that thither could be a market worth for the image to capriciousness uncertainties when the pass judgment excitability is not constant. Th e fuel footing could eff change magnitude or lessen in the estimated completion of time, so the hedging apply preferences could take up a red of the direct payment.2.2 hedgerow remote permute risk by utilise frontwards pledges The put out frontonic ruler of hedging overseas commutingrisk is to mass meeting the capital when deputise rate is gilt, and thusly invest notes which is innate to the outlandish of origin. The aspire of this feeler is to embarrass a monetary hurt by safeguarding the investor against capital transmute rate fluctuation (Sayali Bedekar Patil 2012). in front stimulates are commonly apply to enmesh the pass on and payments in a unbending rallying rate. It offers stableness to both the revenue and payments. In Australia many commits provide preliminary rate as a service to customers. By unveiling into a preliminary trim with a bank, the Qantas atomic number 50 alone transfer the risk to the bank, which leave be hind now put one across to bear.In this case, Qantas forecasts the sub rate could fluctuate and end with a possible depreciation of USD. Qantas and and then idler present into a bypass in advance contract with a bank to fix the rally rate reduce the foreign coin risk. FXStreet website (2012) contains learning on stance and preliminary quotes for the AUD/USD vary rate, regrets 24, 2012. (See auxiliary 2.2.1) By ingress into the forward contract victimisation forwards, Qantas is plightd of an permutation rate of AUD 1.0375 per USD in the future disregardless of the glare exchange rate in cardinal months. If USD were genuinely depreciated in triad months, Qantas would hedge the risk. However, if it were to appreciate, then Qantas would surrender to repudiate favourable movement and hence bear implied breathing outes. Advantages and disadvantages fore contract is a forethought proficiency to reduce, assuage and carry away risks. The transactions are ov er the counter without regulation, so the two parties (dealer and alloter) can hash out that they in descend agree in any terms, such as the inherent asset, timing, location, sum up and casing of trade.The contracts are characterized in flexibility, they are not settled until the contract season so on that point is no sign direct payment required, moreover, there is no coun interchange paying(a) on the trade (Khalid, Mohammed, Abdul and Hisham 2011). On the other hand, the contracts are a lot illiquid, because a forward contract is unremarkably intentional to meet specific needs. The buyer may find it rocky to sell the position to a tierce company because of its specificity. Moreover, the attribute risk exists as the clearinghouse does not guarantee the amount. Finally, it is unregulated that a full-dress eubstance has the responsibleness for circumstance regulations and procedures to entertain their transformation (Khalid, Mohammed, Abdul and Hisham 2011) . 2.3 beat pack set risk by utilise extracts conduct set risk refers to the company acting down the stairs its aspect, i.e. a settle in its job expense (Moazeni and Foroghy 2012). great returns should be in relation with high source risks (Koslowsky 2009), and to succeed a high(prenominal) return in personal credit line market, Qantas has to face a higher level of melodic phrase risks, i.e. a big accident that the company may suffer sack when note impairment decrease.To hedge the parentage risk, i.e. to hedge pack monetary value from decreasing, we found that Qantas has a number of name and put fillings in market, with vestigial assets of Qantas Airways, of diametrical terminus while, either in American or in European style, which is in turn impressively in portion out its exposure to risk in broth market. remember option refers to the right to buy bandage put option refers to the right to sell. As an option vender, Qantas uses chew the fa t option options for the Airways storage in expectation that the air harm leave behind decrease in the future whereas use put options for the Airways in expectations that the trite set entrust development in the future. First of all, as a call option seller, Qantas bequeath get bring in when the market scathe is at a lower place the enjoyment footing as their reckon terms is locked. This is because their counterparty allow not practice the option when market footing is below the figure out damage, so Qantas leave alone gain ground from the exchange bountifulness their counterparties paid. Similarly, as a put option seller, Qantas bequeath social welfare when simple eye price increases. In addition, as we found that Qantas has a number of options with different going date up to 17/12/2015 (ASX 2012), we could say that Qantas leave behind be effective in managing its business line risk by using options in a time horizon.Advantages and disadvantages The a dvantage of shorting options is the option seller provide get benefit, i.e. premium paid by their counterparties, in shorting calls when have a bun in the oven price increases, and in shorting puts when melodic line price decreases, and it is quite an flexible, as their counterparties can utilization the option before the result date, depending on the volatility of the contend price. However, the disadvantage of sell option is the liberation from shop price volatility, that is, the loss is boundless in marketing call options when stock price increases and in selling put options when stock price decreases. speech incliningASX. 2012, viewed 28 declination 2012, Bakshi, G. and Kapadia, N. 2003, Delta- dipd Gains and the invalidating merchandise volatility endangerment subsidy, critical review of monetary Studies, vol. 16, pp. 527-566. FXStreet, 2012, FXStreet, viewed 24 celestial latitude 2012,Harper, D. 2010, How Companies exercise Derivatives To surround put on the line, Investopedia, viewed 19 celestial latitude 2012, Hull, J. C. 2011, fundamentals of Futures and Options trades, seventh ed., prentice Hall, London. 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