The Unsolved Income Achievement Gap - 1891 Words

The Unsolved Income Achievement Gap One of the most epidemic problems that greatly affects the American public education today is the economic inequality and the resulting gap of academic achievement between rich and poor public schools. The problem started to exacerbate especially in the last fifty years as the gap is still widening and continue to be unsolved. Of course, poor students who come from financially unfortunate families are the main sect that feels its impact the most. Greg Duncan and Katherine Magnuson, a distinguished professor in education and the latter has a Ph.D. in Human Development and Social Policy, have showed the strong relationship and the inevitable relevance between the academic achievement of students and their families’ income. They noted that poor students from the bottom ten percent of the socioeconomic classes have been recorded to score at around more than a standard deviation lower than those from the top quintile in math and reading (47). In 1965, it was the first attempt from the government to propose, yet an imperfect, solution to the problem by issuing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). Then in 1966, the Coleman Report had a major role in raising public opinion toward this issue and disclosing its real dimensions during the War on Poverty movement. Also, in order to understand the real size of this problem, we must consider all the major factors that contribute to this income achievement gap and its evolution over theShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Of Mexican Women2022 Words   |  9 Pagesdeclining of Gender inequality in Mexico, it continued to exist in many forms, including the unevenness in women representation and participation in politics, educational opportunities, the health care they can expect, their social standing, the gender pay gap, the high rates of domestic violence and femicide. 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Rp Pros And Cons - 1254 Words

To allocate leasing permits the Secretary of the Interior must first create a Resource Management Plan(RMP) for the lands under BLM jurisdiction, while providing â€Å"opportunities for the public and various levels of government to participate in the development of RMP’s (Vann 2012, 3).† Due to the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), the process of creating an RMP often requires interdisciplinary cooperation in order to piece together a realistic Environmental Impact Statement(EIS) or Environmental Assessment (EA) (Vann 2012). The interdisciplinary cooperation necessary to meet NEPA requirements often includes government agencies, environmental managers, scientists, and the potential private contractors. Such a combination of†¦show more content†¦The Federal Surface Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (FSCRA) attempted to shift some of the responsibility for environmental consequences to the private contractors who rely on mining for privatized profi t (Menzel 1981 et al. Chan 2017). Notably, the FSCRA did not attempt to mitigate environmental degradation derived from oil drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Whereas, oil drilling and hydraulic fracturing tend to fall underlies stringent regulations, but NEPA still applies to these processes. The consequences of oil drilling and hydraulic fracturing â€Å"include deforestation, ecosystem destruction, chemical contamination of land and water, long-term harm to animal populations (particularly migratory birds and marine mammals)† (O’Rourke 2003, 594). In addition, hydraulic fracturing require an extractive fluid which often entails the usage of chemicals that are â€Å"either carcinogenic or associated with numerous health problems affecting the eyes, skin, lungs, intestines, liver, brain, and nervous system† (Kargbo 2010, 5681). For example, in New York it has been confirmed that â€Å"formaldehyde, pesticides, acids, and numerous other hazardous materialsâ₠¬  have been found in â€Å"hydrofracture fluids† (Kargbo 2010, 5681). The extraction of coal, oil, and natural gas degrades the environment and has the most detrimental impacts locally.Show MoreRelatedBenefits And Drawbacks Of Nonrenewable Resources2066 Words   |  9 Pagesimportant resources are separated into two different categories: nonrenewable resources- resources humans use faster than they can be replenished and renewable resources- resources that seem almost inexhaustible. While all of these resources have their pros, they also have their flaws. Coal is good example of a nonrenewable resource as well as a fossil fuel, a subcategory of nonrenewable resources. 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Cost and Quality of Health Care System

Question: Discuss about the Cost and Quality of Health Care System. Answer: Introduction: Health care system in a nation depends upon several factors; not only the health care professionals or care givers are contributing to the system, rather there are several parameters and aspects, which are the basis of the system in a nation. This essay focuses on Singapore health care and addresses specifically the three specific pillars of Singapore health care system such as access, cost and quality of health care system in Singapore. These are three pivotal parts in health care systems; each of the elements significantly contributes in successful health care delivery to care users and determine the health status of entire society (Meng-Kin, 1998) The Ministry of Health in Singapore looks after all aspects of health service in the country. According to WHOs health system report, Singapore had achieved 6th rank in the year 2000. A non-modified universal health care system is present in Singapore, where government tries to maintain affordability in health service through price contr ol strategies. Singapore is regarded as the healthiest country in the world. Access, cost and quality of health care system are three aspects, sharing common features and these are interdependent aspects, thus, while discussing one aspect, the other two are being discussed simultaneously. It is because, health care cost determines access of health care by different socioeconomic group in the community, whereas, the overall health care quality is dependent on the cost expenditure by government or private organization (Lim, 2005). Therefore, together these three aspects determine the quality of health care services delivered to the healthcare service users in Singapore community. According to the concept of The Iron Triangle of Health Care, access, quality and cost are three competing health care issues, present identical priorities, and change in one result in change to other one or both issues (Pocock Phua, 2011). For instance, if a health care policy enhances access to health care, it would lower the quality of health care and increase cost. There are four key factors that have helped the nation to reach its health care goals. These are; ability of recognizing and establishing national priorities, thereby providing its economy time for growing before putting high investment in health care, political unity, a cooperative culture within government an constancy of purpose, a great desire of shared social harmony and well being and attention to education, rights and health care priorities in women (Moh.gov.sg, 2016). While discussing about the cost of health care, the main elements of Singapore health care system is that there is absence of free medical service. Except subsidy in service, no free services are provided even in public health care system. The key intention of the system is to reduce over-utilization of health care system. The country provides maximum health coverage to its citizen by incorporating the philosophy of affordable care and individual care. The country has got the sixth rank in worlds health outcomes, spending less in the health care domain compared to any other high income country, which has been measured on the basis of GDP fraction spent on health and as expenditure per person (Phua, 1991). There are multiple layers in Singapore health care financing system. The Singapore health service combines compulsory savings from payroll deductions, which make the system able to give subsidies through a nationalized health insurance plan, Medisave. In this system, each person gathers their funds, which can be united within the entire extended family. This scheme has been adopted by the majority of Singapore population. During a health care episode, one of the three levels of subsidy is selected by the patient. Therefore, the countrys system has implemented such a scheme or policy that has made its citizen self-sufficient. Medisheild is a low cost insurance policy that helps people whose funding is not sufficient to meet their medical expenses. Moreover, Medifund provides safety net to the needy Singaporeans. There is a rise in Governments spending on the heath care sector, from SG$5.8 billion to SG$7.1 billion within 2013-14 to 2014-15, which will enhance health care cost about 22 % (Sturmberg, O'Halloran Martin, 2012). Overall, government is spen ding only 1.6 % of annual GDP in public health care, which is approximately $1,104 per person (Chongsuvivatwong et al., 2011). Moreover, government spends very less in private health care system. Instead of government expenditure, the expense in private health care sector is high compared to other high income countries, which also contribute to highly accessible care services, along with the governments philosophy that citizen should be accountable for their self care (Moh.gov.sg, 2016). Innovative integration of citizen medical saving scheme promoted the access of every level of individual to Singapore health care system. Access to the health care system is an important component of health care system, which includes five dimensions. Availability is referred to the presence of adequate number physicians and other health care providers for generalized as well as specialized services. Singapore has shown finest medical facilities in both public and private sectors (Crisp Chen, 2014). Till 2012, there are 10,225 doctors in health care delivery system, providing a doctor to population ration of 1: 520; there are total 34,507 nurses, providing a nurse to population ratio is 1: 150. In 2012, it has been estimated that in Singapore, there were total 10,756 hospital beds in 25 hospitals and specialty centers (Feldstein, 2012). In addition, 8 public hospitals include 6 general hospitals, a psychiatry hospital and a womens and children hospital. Acceptability refers to the trust and acceptance of health care service users towards health care providers. The secured medical insurance scheme has established a trustworthy relationship within care users and health care system in Singapore. On the other hand, patients are able to select either government or private health providers. There are private and government health care delivery system or polyclinic, where individual can consult for the best possible health care option. There are emergency services, which is 24 hours available (Blais, 2015). Accommodation is referred to the relationship within health care users needs and the manner through which health care providers organizes services and facilities to meet health care users needs. Accommodation is very important in Singapore health care system. The entire system has its uniqueness for their addressing patients needs through their financing and staffing philosophy. In addition to the public-centered insurance schemes, pati ent protection and affordable care act helps in supporting innovative or promising care practice model in the health service. Affordability refers to the relationship between health care service price and the ability of health care users to pay. Singapore government has integrated such a scheme that helps its citizens to help themselves to afford their health care cost, while government also pays a fraction of their health care cost. The system is unique, by introducing a mixed financing system, ensuring that no Singaporean citizen is denied access to basic health care service due to affordability issues. For low SES groups, there are additional schemes. Accessibility is referred to relationship between location of health care services supply and the location from where client will access health care service or facilities. The national health care system include 24 hours and emergency departments in government hospitals and there are several government and private clinics from where people can get a primary health care assistance before accessing a private or government hospital (Rosen, Waitzberg Merkur, 2 015). The agency for integrated care was developed in 2009 for improving health care services in the community. In addition, for make the health more accessible to public; regional health systems are developed for linking hospital with primary care and rehabilitation centers. Moreover, telehealth and telemedicine is playing a major role in enhancing accessibility of healthcare in Singapore. In terms of quality and efficiency, Singapore has got the 1st rank throughout the world in 2014. Singapore health care system is a lesson to any high income country for integrating a principle, representing that it is possible t develop high quality and affordable health care system with limited resources through long term planning and innovative policymaking. Moreover, economic and geographic location of the nation helps it to evolve and transform its healthcare system from an acute care system to a comprehensive system for acute a chronic care. In this context, Donabedian model can be used for assessing the health care services and evaluating the quality of health care of Singapore health care system (Swayne, Duncan Ginter, 2012). This model depicts that quality of care can be determined from three interrelated categories that include structure, process and outcomes. Structure includes the factors affecting the context of health care delivery. Process is referred to the collection of actions making up the healthcare system as a whole. Finally, outcome is referred to the effect of healthcare activities upon health care population, which can be estimated by the positive outcomes and patient satisfaction. In current era, Singapore has introduced a mixed service delivery model. 80 % of the public health care domain is predominating by acute care centre. On the other hand, hospitals and nursing homes are provide by welfare organizations, funded by Ministry of health care, Singapore government. The financial scheme developed by the government is the key factor promoting the high quality services in the system. The system ensures that people are aware of taking care of their own (Milovic Milovic, 2012). When people are aware of that they would have to pay for their health, it enhances the quality of health care overall. On the other hand, promotion of competition and transparency has led the quality of national health care system to the top most level. The hospitals has been pushed on this effort to do more with less. It has been revealed that success has become greater since the competition and transparency is integrated in the system. The Ministry of Health is integrating new technologies in the health care system, instead of investing more in the system, which is also enhancing its quality. The Ministry is progressively influencing the publication of health outcomes in government website, for encouraging service providers as well as service users along with further improvement and helping patients to make more informed choice. Overall, all these functions are promoting a better quality of health care service delivered to patients. Reference List Blais, K. (2015). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. Pearson. Chongsuvivatwong, V., Phua, K. H., Yap, M. T., Pocock, N. S., Hashim, J. H., Chhem, R., ... Lopez, A. D. (2011). Health and health-care systems in southeast Asia: diversity and transitions. The Lancet, 377(9763), 429-437. Crisp, N., Chen, L. (2014). Global supply of health professionals. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(10), 950-957. Feldstein, P. J. (2012). Health care economics. Cengage Learning. Kondilis, E., Giannakopoulos, S., Gavana, M., Ierodiakonou, I., Waitzkin, H., Benos, A. (2013). Economic crisis, restrictive policies, and the populations health and health care: the Greek case. American journal of public health, 103(6), 973-979. Lee, C. G. (2010). Health care and tourism: Evidence from Singapore. Tourism Management, 31(4), 486-488. Lim, M. K. (2005). Transforming Singapore health care: public-private partnership. Annals-Academy of Medicine Singapore, 34(7), 461. Meng-Kin, L. (1998). Health care systems m transition II. Singapore, Part I. An overview of health care systems in Singapore. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 20, 16-22. Milovic, B., Milovic, M. (2012). Prediction and decision making in health care using data mining. Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(12), 126. Moh.gov.sg,. (2016). Our Healthcare System | Ministry of Health. Moh.gov.sg. Retrieved 16 November 2016, from https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/our_healthcare_system.html Phua, K. H. (1991). Privatization Restructuring of Health Services in Singapore (No. 5). Marshall Cavendish Corporation/Ccb. Pocock, N. S., Phua, K. H. (2011). Medical tourism and policy implications for health systems: a conceptual framework from a comparative study of Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. Globalization and health, 7(1), 1. Rosen, B., Waitzberg, R., Merkur, S. (2015). Israel: Health System Review. Health systems in transition, 17(6), 1-212. Sturmberg, J. P., O'Halloran, D. M., Martin, C. M. (2012). Understanding health system reforma complex adaptive systems perspective. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 18(1), 202-208. Swayne, L. E., Duncan, W. J., Ginter, P. M. (2012). Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons.

The House On Mango Street Seeking Independence free essay sample

The House On Mango Street: Seeking Independence Essay, Research Paper In the book The House on Mango Street, writer Sandra Cisneros presents a series of sketchs that involve a immature miss, named Esperanza, turning up in the Latino subdivision of Chicago. Esperanza Cordero is seeking for a release from the low outlooks and limitations that Latino society frequently imposes on its immature adult females. Cisneros draws on her ain background to provide the reader with accurate positions of Latino society today. In peculiar, Cisneros provides the chapters? Boys and Girls? and? Beautiful and Cruel? to portray Esperanza? s phases of growing from a inquiring and funny miss to an independent adult female. Altogether, ? Boys and Girls? is non like? Beautiful and Cruel? because Cisneros reveals two different adulthood degrees in Esperanza ; one of a hesitating assurance with the possible to declare her independency, and the other a personal consciousness of her ain actions and the determination to take action and pay her? ain quiet war ( Cisneros 89 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The House On Mango Street Seeking Independence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Author Sandra Cisneros was born in 1954 in the Latino subdivision of Chicago ( Encarta 1 ) . Cisneros is an? American novelist, short-story author, litterateur, and poet ( Encarta 1 ) . ? Her plants have brought the position of the Mexican American adult female into the? mainstream of literary feminism ( Encarta 1 ) . ? She earned her Bachelor? s Degree from Loyola University in 1976 and her Maestro? s Degree from the University of Iowa in 1978 ( Encarta 1 ) . The House on Mango Street is Cisneros? foremost fresh, and? is her most critically acclaimed ( Encarta 1 ) . ? The novel is constructed with a? series of short interrelated chapters ( Encarta 1 ) . ? Cisneros writes of the? hopes, desires, and disenchantments of a immature author turning up in a big metropolis ( Encarta 1 ) . ? After reading The House on Mango Street, the reader is left with a greater sense of the mundane subjugations the? functions created for adult females in Latino society ( Encarta 1 ) . ? Cisneros decides to accept the subjugation as portion of civilization, but besides detach from this position by stating adult females, old and immature likewise, to happen their ain independency. Cisneros uses Esperanza as a vehicle to show the power of muliebrity and finding to make certain ends. In? Boys and Girls, ? Cisneros introduces a gender separation that dominates Esperanza? s experiences. Esperanza is dissatisfied that she and her younger sister Nenny are paired as playfellows ; Nenny is? excessively immature to be my friend ( Cisneros 8 ) . ? Esperanza is dependent on her childhood and is like? a ruddy balloon, a ruddy balloon tied to an ground tackle ( Cisneros 9 ) . ? This description reveals that Esperanza singles herself out of her differences, of which she seems keenly cognizant. She besides considers her differences as a beginning of isolation, as she floats in the sky for all to see. She longs to get away, much like a He balloon. The ground tackle hinders her flight, similar to the confines that her granted by her society. Cisneros supplies Esperanza with a little voice, but besides with a tone of desirous thought, which gives her the ability to be powerful. ? Beautiful and Cruel? marks the beginning of Esperanza? s? ain quiet war? against machismo ( Latino civilization powered by work forces ) . She refuses to neither tame herself nor wait for a hubby, and this rebellion is reflected in her go forthing the? tabular array like a adult male, without seting back the chair or picking up the home base ( Cisneros 89 ) . ? Cisneros gives Esperanza a self-empowered voice and a desire for personal ownerships, thing that she can name her ain: Esperanza? s? power is her ain ( Cisneros 89 ) . ? Cisneros discusses two of import subjects: keeping one? s ain power and disputing the cultural and societal outlooks one is supposed to carry through. Esperanza? s mission to make her ain individuality is apparent by her determination to non? ballad ( her ) cervix on the threshold waiting for the ball and concatenation ( Cisneros 88 ) . ? Cisneros? unsmooth linguistic communication and violent images of self-bondage reveal the disdain with which Esperanza vi ews many of her equals whose lone end is to go a married woman. To larn how to guard her power from work forces, Esperanza looks to the illustration of the film harpy? with ( the ) red ruddy lips who is beautiful and cruel ( Cisneros 89 ) . ? Esperanza additions strength in herself by accepting the state of affairs she is in as it is, be geting a finding to go forth it as hebdomad, much like writer Sandra Cisneros. In both sketchs, Esperanza looks to others for replies, foremost to the male childs in her vicinity and so to the film harpy. She does non needfully do her ain decisions or solutions to her job of dependence to her restrictive civilization. In The House on Mango Street, there are some similarities, but more differences that separate Esperanza? s character, as she grows more mature and aware of the state of affairs that surround her. In the novel, the reader hears a alteration in voice, which is the chief intent that Cisneros sets away. Esperanza first identifies her trouble with her society, and so accepts and at the same clip defies it. In? Boys and Girls? the reader sees a immature miss that is look intoing her possibilities in life. In? Beautiful and Cruel? the reader sees a adult female who has become independent from the boundaries of her society. Esperanza is tied down by the? ground tackle, ? and so casts it off with her refusal to wait for the? ball and chain. ? Esperanza alterations from a small miss who makes wants about her hereafter, to a adult female who takes her hereafter in her custodies as she begins a? war? on the restrictions that she face in her Latino society. In decision, Esperanza makes the ultimate alteration of going independent. As Sandra Cisneros wrote The House on Mango Street, she excessively farther realized her function as an influential adult female of her heritage ; this realisation mirrors Esperanza? s journey to muliebrity. Esperanza is? alienated from the remainder of society in many ways ( Hannon 1 ) . ? But she uses this disaffection to go? strong and inspirational ( Hannon 1 ) . ? Esperanza is a really strong adult female in herself. Her ends are? to non bury her ground for being. . . so as to accomplish a freedom that? s non separate from togetherness